![]() ![]() Yixin is the pinyin romanisation of the Mandarin pronunciation of his Manchu name I-hin. The Respectful and Loyal Prince of the Blood His former residence, " Prince Gong's Mansion", is now one of Beijing's few AAAAA-rated tourist attractions. Having established in 1861 the Zongli Yamen, the Qing government's de facto foreign affairs ministry, Prince Gong is best remembered for advocating greater constructive engagement between the Qing Empire and the great powers of that era, as well as for his attempts to modernise China in the late 19th century. The final decades of Prince Gong's career, under the reign of his nephew the Guangxu Emperor, were marred by his conflict with conservative elements in the Qing imperial court – particularly his former ally Cixi – and ended with his death in relative disgrace. Despite his demotions in 18 for alleged corruption and disrespect towards the Emperor, Prince Gong continued to lead the Grand Council and remain a highly influential figure in the Qing government. After the coup, he served as Prince-Regent from 1861–65 and presided over the reforms implemented during the Tongzhi Restoration (1860–74). ![]() ![]() Following the death of the Xianfeng Emperor, Prince Gong launched the Xinyou Coup in 1861 with the aid of the Empress Dowagers Ci'an and Cixi and seized power from a group of eight regents appointed by the Xianfeng Emperor on his deathbed to assist his young son and successor, the Tongzhi Emperor. During the Second Opium War in 1860, Prince Gong negotiated with the British, French and Russians, signing the Convention of Beijing on behalf of the Qing Empire. However, his older half-brother Yizhu eventually inherited the throne as the Xianfeng Emperor. He was a regent of the empire from 1861 to 1865 and wielded great influence at other times as well.Īt a young age, Yixin was already noted for his brilliance and was once considered by his father the Daoguang Emperor as a potential heir. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.Yixin (11 January 1833 – ), better known in English as Prince Kung or Gong, was an imperial prince of the Aisin Gioro clan and an important statesman of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in China. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that API depresses contractions induced by various vasoconstrictors in RIRAs, suppresses CaCC currents and augments Kv currents in RIRA ASMCs.Īpigenin Ca(2+) activated Cl(−) channels Intrarenal artery Vasorelaxation Voltage-dependent K(+) channels.Ĭopyright © 2019. At 10-100 μM, API depressed CaCC currents, but augmented Kv currents. Chloride deprivation, Cl - channel blockers, Kv blocker and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor attenuated API-induced RIRA relaxation. Instant application of API elicited immediate relaxations in RIRAs precontracted with these vasoconstrictors. Preincubation with API (10-100 μM) concentration-dependently depressed the contractions induced by KCl, thromboxane A 2 analog U46619, phenylephrine and vasopressin. The myocyte transmembrane Cl - currents through Ca 2+ activated Cl - channels (CaCCs) and the K + currents through voltage-dependent (Kv) K + channels were recorded using a patch clamp in the single arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) isolated freshly from RIRAs. The vascular tone of isolated rat intrarenal arteries (RIRAs) was measured with a myograph. We aimed to study the possible involvement of Cl - channels and K + channels in API-induced vasorelaxation in intrarenal arteries. The vasorelaxant effect of apigenin (API) has been demonstrated in a number of vascular beds.
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